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Depression Isn't Just Sadness: Exploring the Complexities of Mental Health

Sep 6, 2024

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Depression, or depressive disorder, is a common mental health condition that involves persistent feelings of sadness or a lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. Unlike regular mood changes, depression can deeply affect all areas of life, including relationships, work, and school. It can happen to anyone, though it's more common in people who have experienced stressful or traumatic events.


Who is Affected by Depression?

Depression can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. However, certain groups are more at risk:

  • Women are nearly twice as likely to experience depression compared to men.

  • Older adults and pregnant or postpartum women face higher susceptibility.

  • Depression is also prevalent in individuals who have experienced stressful or traumatic life events.

Globally, about 3.8% of the population experiences depression. Among adults, it affects 5%—4% of men and 6% of women.

Unfortunately, many people, especially in low- and middle-income countries, don't receive the treatment they need due to a lack of resources and stigma surrounding mental health.


Symptoms and Patterns

  • Depressed mood

  • Loss of interest and enjoyment.

  • Reduced energy leading to increase fatiguability and diminished activity.

  • Feeling extremely tired.

  • reduced concentration and attention

  • reduced self esteem and self confidence.

  • ideas of guild and unworthiness.

  • bleak and pessimistic views of the future.

  • ideas or acts of self-harm or suicide.

  • disturbed sleep.

  • diminished appetite.

    Depression can occur as a single episode or as recurrent episode.


Severity of depression :

Based on ICD-10, depression has three level of severity .

  • Mild

  • Moderate

  • Severe


Causes and Prevention

Depression is caused by a complex mix of following factors :

  • Social

  • Psychological 

  • Biological.

    Stressful life events, like losing a job or a loved one, can trigger depression. It is also linked to physical health issues, such as heart disease or diabetes, and can make managing these conditions even more challenging.


Preventing Depression

While not all cases of depression can be prevented, certain programs and practices can reduce its risk, such as:

  • School-based programs: Teaching children and adolescents positive coping and problem-solving skills.

  • Parental support: Helping parents manage children with behavioral issues.

  • Exercise programs: Encouraging regular physical activity, especially among older adults.


Treatment

Depression is treatable, and most individuals can recover with proper care. Treatment approaches include:

  • Psychological therapies:

    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps individuals challenge and change negative thought patterns.

    • Interpersonal Therapy: Focuses on improving relationships and communication.

    • Problem-Solving Therapy: Equips individuals with practical tools to address life’s challenges.

  • Medications:

    • Antidepressants, such as SSRIs, may be prescribed for moderate to severe depression. However, they are used cautiously in adolescents and are not typically recommended for mild depression.

For many, a combination of therapy and medication proves most effective.


Hope and Recovery

With timely and appropriate treatment, individuals with depression can regain control of their lives and thrive. Raising awareness, reducing stigma, and improving access to mental health care are critical steps toward a healthier, happier society.


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Sep 6, 2024

2 min read

0

52

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